Explain the concept of "overloading" a vessel.

Overloading a vessel refers to placing more weight on the vessel than it is designed to carry. This concept is critical in maritime safety, as every vessel has specific weight limits set by the manufacturer based on its design, construction, and stability characteristics. When a vessel is overloaded, its center of gravity can shift, potentially destabilizing the vessel and increasing the risk of capsizing.

An overloaded vessel may also experience issues with buoyancy, leading to inadequate freeboard, which raises the risk of water entering the vessel. This can affect the vessel's handling, performance, and overall safety. Understanding the weight capacity is vital for the safe operation of a vessel, ensuring that it operates within the limits for which it was designed while maintaining stability and safety at sea.