Which factor is key in determining a vessel's stability?

The center of gravity is a critical factor in determining a vessel's stability because it directly influences how a vessel responds to forces acting upon it, such as wind or waves. Stability primarily relies on the relationship between the center of gravity (CG) and the center of buoyancy (CB). When a vessel is tilted, the position of these two points will dictate whether it rights itself or capsizes.

For stability to be effective, the center of gravity should be as low as possible. A lower center of gravity means that the righting moment—the force that returns a tilted vessel back to an upright position—is greater. Conversely, if the center of gravity is high, it increases the risk of capsizing, as it makes the vessel more top-heavy.

While weight distribution, length of the vessel, and type of hull design all contribute to overall stability, their effects are often secondary to the position of the center of gravity. Proper understanding and management of the center of gravity are fundamental to safe vessel operation and navigating challenging conditions. Managing how weight is distributed around the vessel can help achieve an ideal center of gravity, but it is the location of the CG itself that ultimately determines how stable the vessel is under various circumstances.